Spring 2008 Course at University of California, Santa Cruz

AY13 - 01: GALAXIES, COSMOLOGY, and HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS

TTh  10 - 11:45am  Nat Sci Annex 102

Instructor: David Koo

Office Hours: TTh 11:45am -  1pm in  ISB 263 or by appointment

Office Phone: 831-459-2130

WWW Home Page: http://www.ucolick.org/~koo

Email: koo@ucolick.org

LICK OBSERVATORY TOUR - Friday 23 May 2008

Course Syllabus (with links to Lectures, Homeworks, Answers to homeworks, Quizzes, Exams, etc. when appropriate -- as of 22 April 08, you will need the userid and passwd - email me)

COURSE INFORMATION (22 May  2008)

Prerequisites:

Recommended: completion of high school algebra and physics. This course is intended  for science majors.

Required Books:

Cosmology, along with galaxies and high energy astrophysics, are extremely rapidly changing areas of science. Unfortunately, no book is geared specifically for this course, so I chose  one book that is below the level and the other a bit above the level best suited for introductory science majors. Fortunately, the two required texts, available at the campus bookstore, are both relatively recent editions: The Big Bang by J. Silk (4rd edition) and Universe: Stars and Galaxies  by Kaufmann and Freedman (3rd edition of this subset of the complete Universe book), both by W. H. Freeman Company.  The bookstore has both in by now, with the Universe package sold for $75 and Silk book  sold used for $10. You might also want to check out internet book sellers such as Amazon and Alibris for lower prices.

Reserve and Supplemental Books

Besides the above two required text books, I have also placed the following on reserve at the Science Library as supplemental reading.

Ferris, T. Coming of Age in the Milky Way --- I found this book to be a truly enjoyable book about galaxies and cosmology -- highly recommended. (Q125.F425 1988)

 Ferris, T. The Whole Shebang: A State-of-the-Universe Report -- A fairly recent overview of cosmology at the popular level. (QB981.F38 1997)

Greene, B. The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory -- A must read  at the popular level for those interested in multidemensions (QC794.6.S85 G75)

Greene, B. The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time, and the Texture of Reality  -- 2004 book with good discussion of space and time, including relativity, quantum mechanics, multidimensions, etc. (TBD)

 Shu, F. The Physical Universe --- This book is introductory astronomy geared for physics majors and would be a good resource who want more advanced material than that in Universe. (QB43.2.S54 1982)

Carrigan, R. A. and Trower, W. P. Particle Physics in the Cosmos: Readings from Scientific American --- These are Scientific American articles that are somewhat dated but written at a level for science enthusiasts. (QB464.P375 1989)

Rees, M. Before the Beginning --- This is written for the popular level and thus fun and easy. (QB981.R34 1997)

Smolin, L. The Life of the Cosmos --- This book is written for a popular level and presents an interesting view of how the universe of Universes evolve to produce one that has life such as our own. (QB981.S694 1997)

Guth, A. H. The Inflationary Universe --- This is a popular account from the originator of the inflationary scenario. (QB991.I54 G88 1997)

 Bartusiak, M. Thursday's Universe --- This is a popular account that is somewhat dated but gives the reader a sense of the excitement experienced by scientists in their quests for understanding the universe. (QB44.2.B37 1986)

Course Description

This course is intended for science majors and will aim to provide an introduction to modern cosmology and extragalactic astronomy. We will explore our current knowledge and understanding of the physical processes in the evolving universe in the context of the big bang model. Special emphasis will be placed on what physical evidence can be garnered to understand the large scale structure and evolution of the universe. This course will also examine what we know today about the formation and evolution of its galaxies and quasars. We WILL NOT be dealing with cosmogony, such as the formation of stars, the formation of heavy elements by stars, and the formation of the solar system and life on earth (there are other astronomy course geared to these subjects). Topics include the origin of the universe, Big Bang cosmology, expansion of the universe, dark matter & dark energy, properties of galaxies, black holes and active galactic nuclei (AGN), and very energetic phenomena in our own and other galaxies.

COURSE LEVEL and FORMAT:

The math and physics level will be more challenging than in the other introductory astronomy courses for non-science majors, i.e., Astronomy 2 through 5. High school level algebra and geometry will be extensively used in lectures, homeworks, and tests. The amount of new material in this subject is very large for almost every student, so I can only focus on the important points and physical understanding. Almost everyone will feel overwhelmed at some level; thus I certainly expect lots of questions during my lectures which are aimed to be informal. Since few students will have had introductory astronomy, I will cover whatever is needed to understand the physical processes.

Homeworks:

Five required sets of homework problems will be given out, worth 20%of your total grade. These will include conceptual problems as well as mathematical problems. You are free to discuss and work on the homeworks with others, but I expect the written answers to be in your own words and your own calculations. The homeworks will serve as the basis for parts of the exams, so they should not be overlooked despite their relatively small weight for the total grade or evaluations. Late homeworks will not be accepted after answers are given out (usually next class after due date); before that time, they will be penalized 50%.

Written Report & Oral Presentation:

The course will also require a five page written report, worth 20% of your total grade on a scientific article, an idea of your own, a small research project, or whatever topic that each of you and I agree to by Thursday 1 May 2008 . The purpose of these reports is to enable each student to explore a relevant topic of their own choosing,  to give a personal account of that exploration (why topic, how explored, what reactions, etc),  and to communicate your ideas clearly in written form. These reports are NOT to be dumps of information from books or internet. I will be grading these reports partly on their quality of presentation and writing and will down-grade if not a personal account of the exploration. These reports will be due by Thurs 29 May  2008   3rd  to  the last class; late reports will be given only partial credit, 10% less per  weekday until 50% by 5 pm of the last class day on  Thursday 5 June 2008. Reports received after this date  and time will not be accepted.  In addition, any student  may volunteer to  give a 5 minute oral presentation of their report during the last  class on Thursday 5 June 2008,  which will count 3%  extra credit toward the total grade.

Exams and Quizzes:

Three (3) closed-book, pop quizzes will be given during the quarter, from which your top two will worth 10% of your total grade, i.e. 5% for each of your best two. These are likely  to take 15 minutes each . These will serve as  feedback for  you and me on how well you are understanding the  recent course material,  and will also  serve as examples of what the mid and final exams will include -- see next item.

One midterm and one final exam will be given,  worth  20% and 30%  of your grade, respectively  Although the exams are closed book and notes, all essential equations will be provided so you do not need to memorize them. No calculators will be allowed or needed.  The final exam will be cumulative in the coverage of the course materials, so that it will cover the entire course, but with a heavier emphasis on the materials since the midterm exam.  The midterm exam will be aimed  for  the full 90 minutes of a class.   Some  class time will be provided before the midterm to permit any last minute questions. The final will use the entire 3 hours.

Grading:

1) Homeworks (20%) ......

2) 5 Page Report (20%)
      5 min Report presentation (3% EXTRA CREDIT) ......

3)  Best  2 of 3 pop-quizzes (10%)

4)  Closed-Book Exams (midterm 20% + final 30% = 50% ) ......

The course may be taken on a  pass/no-pass but the default is for a grade.  Nominally, 70%  will be considered to be passing, i.e. equivalent to a grade of C. There is no reason that anyone should fail or get a no-pass in this class if you do the homeworks, take the quizzes, and keep up with the lectures and reading, and study for the exams. This is especially true since extra credits  will be possible.  For example, if you feel the need for some extra credits to make up for a bad midterm exam, come see me and we can arrange something. BUT the specification of the extra credit work must be agreed upon with me, i.e. specified by Thurs  15 May 2008 and will be due by  the  next to last class  Tuesday 3 June 2008. These extra credits are limited to help a student pass (no-pass to pass) or to improve a grade by one  sub-unit (C+ to B- ,  B- to B, B to B+, or B+ to A-, etc.) and are not intended to move by larger amounts such as from a C to B-, B+ to A, etc.

Course Syllabus (with links to Homeworks, Answers to homeworks, Quizzes, Exams, etc. when appropriate - as of 22 April 08, YOU WILL NEED the userid and password to access the info -- email me)

QUICK LINKS to Lectures

(SOME LINKS BELOW ARE PLACEHOLDERS UNTIL READY -- You will need userid and password starting 22 April 08 - email me for it)

Lecture 1 Notes -- 1 Apr 2008

Lecture 2 Notes --  3 Apr 2008

Lecture 3 Notes --  8 Apr 2008

Lecture 4 Notes -- 10 Apr 2008

Lecture  5 Notes -- 15 Apr 2008

Lecture 6 Notes --  17 Apr 2008

Lecture 7 Notes --  22 Apr   2008

Lecture 8 Notes --  24 Apr 2008

Lecture 9 Notes --  29 Apr 2008

Lecture 10 Notes --  1 May 2008

Lecture 11 Notes   --   6 May  2008

MIDTERM EXAM -- 8 May 2008

Lecture 12 Notes   --   13 May 2008

Lecture 13 Notes --  15 May 2008

Lecture 14 GUEST LECTURE  --   20 May 2008

Lecture 15 Notes --  22 May 2008

LICK OBSERVATORY TOUR -- 23 May 2008

Lecture 16 Notes --  27 May 2008

Lecture 17 Notes --  29 May 2008

Lecture 18 Notes --  3 Jun 2008

LAST CLASS: Presentations & Evaluation -- 5 Jun 2008

FINAL EXAM :   MONDAY EVENING 9  Jun 2008 NS Annex 102   4-7PM

Making a Spectroscope - Homework 2 Due  24 Apr 2008